Description

Farmer John knows that an intellectually satisfied cow is a happy cow who will give more milk. He has arranged a brainy activity for cows in which they manipulate an M × N grid (1 ≤ M ≤ 15; 1 ≤ N ≤ 15) of square tiles, each of which is colored black on one side and white on the other side.As one would guess, when a single white tile is flipped, it changes to black; when a single black tile is flipped, it changes to white. The cows are rewarded when they flip the tiles so that each tile has the white side face up. However, the cows have rather large hooves and when they try to flip a certain tile, they also flip all the adjacent tiles (tiles that share a full edge with the flipped tile). Since the flips are tiring, the cows want to minimize the number of flips they have to make.Help the cows determine the minimum number of flips required, and the locations to flip to achieve that minimum. If there are multiple ways to achieve the task with the minimum amount of flips, return the one with the least lexicographical ordering in the output when considered as a string. If the task is impossible, print one line with the word “IMPOSSIBLE”.

Input

Line 1: Two space-separated integers: M and N Lines 2..M+1: Line i+1 describes the colors (left to right) of row i of the grid with N space-separated integers which are 1 for black and 0 for white

Output

Lines 1..M: Each line contains N space-separated integers, each specifying how many times to flip that particular location.

Sample Input

1
2
3
4
5

4 4
1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1

Sample Output

1
2
3
4

0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0

Description

An army of ants walk on a horizontal pole of length l cm, each with a constant speed of 1 cm/s. When a walking ant reaches an end of the pole, it immediatelly falls off it. When two ants meet they turn back and start walking in opposite directions. We know the original positions of ants on the pole, unfortunately, we do not know the directions in which the ants are walking. Your task is to compute the earliest and the latest possible times needed for all ants to fall off the pole.

Input

The first line of input contains one integer giving the number of cases that follow. The data for each case start with two integer numbers: the length of the pole (in cm) and n, the number of ants residing on the pole. These two numbers are followed by n integers giving the position of each ant on the pole as the distance measured from the left end of the pole, in no particular order. All input integers are not bigger than 1000000 and they are separated by whitespace.

Output

For each case of input, output two numbers separated by a single space. The first number is the earliest possible time when all ants fall off the pole (if the directions of their walks are chosen appropriately) and the second number is the latest possible such time.

Sample Input

1
2
3
4
5

2
10 3
2 6 7
214 7
11 12 7 13 176 23 191

Sample Output

1
2

4 8
38 207

Description

A Bank plans to install a machine for cash withdrawal. The machine is able to deliver appropriate @ bills for a requested cash amount. The machine uses exactly N distinct bill denominations, say Dk, k=1,N, and for each denomination Dk the machine has a supply of nk bills. For example,

N=3, n1=10, D1=100, n2=4, D2=50, n3=5, D3=10

means the machine has a supply of 10 bills of @100 each, 4 bills of @50 each, and 5 bills of @10 each.

Call cash the requested amount of cash the machine should deliver and write a program that computes the maximum amount of cash less than or equal to cash that can be effectively delivered according to the available bill supply of the machine.

Notes:
@ is the symbol of the currency delivered by the machine. For instance, @ may stand for dollar, euro, pound etc.

Input

The program input is from standard input. Each data set in the input stands for a particular transaction and has the format:

cash N n1 D1 n2 D2 … nN DN

where 0 <= cash <= 100000 is the amount of cash requested, 0 <=N <= 10 is the number of bill denominations and 0 <= nk <= 1000 is the number of available bills for the Dk denomination, 1 <= Dk <= 1000, k=1,N. White spaces can occur freely between the numbers in the input. The input data are correct.

Output

For each set of data the program prints the result to the standard output on a separate line as shown in the examples below.

Sample Input

1
2
3
4

735 3  4 125  6 5  3 350
633 4  500 30  6 100  1 5  0 1
735 0
0 3  10 100  10 50  10 10

Sample Output

1
2
3
4

735
630
0
0

Description

假设有x1个字母A， x2个字母B,….. x26个字母Z，同时假设字母A的价值为1，字母B的价值为2,….. 字母Z的价值为26。那么，对于给定的字母，可以找到多少价值<=50的单词呢？单词的价值就是组成一个单词的所有字母的价值之和，比如，单词ACM的价值是1+3+14=18，单词HDU的价值是8+4+21=33。(组成的单词与排列顺序无关，比如ACM与CMA认为是同一个单词）。

Input

输入首先是一个整数N，代表测试实例的个数。
然后包括N行数据，每行包括26个<=20的整数x1,x2,…..x26.

Output

对于每个测试实例，请输出能找到的总价值<=50的单词数,每个实例的输出占一行。

Sample Input

1
2
3

2
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 2 6 2 10 2 2 5 6 1 0 2 7 0 2 2 7 5 10 6 10 2 10 6 1 9

Sample Output

1
2

7
379297

Description

又到了选课的时间了，xhd看着选课表发呆，为了想让下一学期好过点，他想知道学n个学分共有多少组合。你来帮帮他吧。（xhd认为一样学分的课没区别）

Input

输入数据的第一行是一个数据T，表示有T组数据。
每组数据的第一行是两个整数n(1 <= n <= 40)，k(1 <= k <= 8)。
接着有k行，每行有两个整数a(1 <= a <= 8),b(1 <= b <= 10)，表示学分为a的课有b门。

Output

对于每组输入数据，输出一个整数，表示学n个学分的组合数。

Sample Input

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

2
2 2
1 2
2 1
40 8
1 1
2 2
3 2
4 2
5 8
6 9
7 6
8 8

Sample Output

1
2

2
445

Description

在讲述DP算法的时候，一个经典的例子就是数塔问题，它是这样描述的：

有如下所示的数塔，要求从顶层走到底层，若每一步只能走到相邻的结点，则经过的结点的数字之和最大是多少？

已经告诉你了，这是个DP的题目，你能AC吗?

Input

输入数据首先包括一个整数C,表示测试实例的个数，每个测试实例的第一行是一个整数N(1 <= N <= 100)，表示数塔的高度，接下来用N行数字表示数塔，其中第i行有个i个整数，且所有的整数均在区间[0,99]内。

Output

对于每个测试实例，输出可能得到的最大和，每个实例的输出占一行。

Sample Input

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
5
7
3 8
8 1 0 
2 7 4 4
4 5 2 6 5

Sample Output

1

30

Description

还记得中学时候学过的杨辉三角吗？具体的定义这里不再描述，你可以参考以下的图形：
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1

Input

输入数据包含多个测试实例，每个测试实例的输入只包含一个正整数n（1<=n<=30），表示将要输出的杨辉三角的层数。

Output

对应于每一个输入，请输出相应层数的杨辉三角，每一层的整数之间用一个空格隔开，每一个杨辉三角后面加一个空行。

Sample Input

1

2 3

Sample Output

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
1 1

1
1 1
1 2 1

Description

Pass a year learning in Hangzhou, yifenfei arrival hometown Ningbo at finally. Leave Ningbo one year, yifenfei have many people to meet. Especially a good friend Merceki.
Yifenfei’s home is at the countryside, but Merceki’s home is in the center of city. So yifenfei made arrangements with Merceki to meet at a KFC. There are many KFC in Ningbo, they want to choose one that let the total time to it be most smallest.
Now give you a Ningbo map, Both yifenfei and Merceki can move up, down ,left, right to the adjacent road by cost 11 minutes.

Input

The input contains multiple test cases.
Each test case include, first two integers n, m. (2<=n,m<=200).
Next n lines, each line included m character.
‘Y’ express yifenfei initial position.
‘M’ express Merceki initial position.
‘#’ forbid road;
‘.’ Road.
‘@’ KFC

Output

For each test case output the minimum total time that both yifenfei and Merceki to arrival one of KFC.You may sure there is always have a KFC that can let them meet.

Sample Input

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

4 4
Y.#@
....
.#..
@..M
4 4
Y.#@
....
.#..
@#.M
5 5
Y..@.
.#...
.#...
@..M.
#...#

Sample Output

1
2
3

66
88
66

Description

You are trapped in a 3D dungeon and need to find the quickest way out! The dungeon is composed of unit cubes which may or may not be filled with rock. It takes one minute to move one unit north, south, east, west, up or down. You cannot move diagonally and the maze is surrounded by solid rock on all sides. Is an escape possible? If yes, how long will it take?

Input

The input consists of a number of dungeons. Each dungeon description starts with a line containing three integers L, R and C (all limited to 30 in size). L is the number of levels making up the dungeon. R and C are the number of rows and columns making up the plan of each level. Then there will follow L blocks of R lines each containing C characters. Each character describes one cell of the dungeon. A cell full of rock is indicated by a ‘#’ and empty cells are represented by a ‘.’. Your starting position is indicated by ‘S’ and the exit by the letter ‘E’. There’s a single blank line after each level. Input is terminated by three zeroes for L, R and C.

Output

Each maze generates one line of output. If it is possible to reach the exit, print a line of the form

Escaped in x minute(s).

where x is replaced by the shortest time it takes to escape. If it is not possible to escape, print the line

Trapped!

Sample Input

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

3 4 5
S....
.###.
.##..
###.#

#####
#####
##.##
##...

#####
#####
#.###
####E

1 3 3
S##
#E#
###

0 0 0

Sample Output

1
2

Escaped in 11 minute(s).
Trapped!

Description

大家一定觉得运动以后喝可乐是一件很惬意的事情，但是seeyou却不这么认为。因为每次当seeyou买了可乐以后，阿牛就要求和seeyou一起分享这一瓶可乐，而且一定要喝的和seeyou一样多。但seeyou的手中只有两个杯子，它们的容量分别是N 毫升和M 毫升 可乐的体积为S （S<101）毫升　(正好装满一瓶) ，它们三个之间可以相互倒可乐 (都是没有刻度的，且 S==N+M，101＞S＞0，N＞0，M＞0) 。聪明的ACMER你们说他们能平分吗？如果能请输出倒可乐的最少的次数，如果不能输出”NO”。

Input

三个整数 : S 可乐的体积 , N 和 M是两个杯子的容量，以”0 0 0”结束。

Output

如果能平分的话请输出最少要倒的次数，否则输出”NO”。

Sample Input

1
2
3

7 4 3
4 1 3
0 0 0

Sample Output

1
2

NO
3